Government Contracts Blog : Government Contracts Lawyer & Attorney : Sheppard Mullin Law Firm : Bids, Licenses, Awards, Conflict of Interest.

With its recent decision in Cell Therapeutics Inc. v. Lash Group Inc., 9th Cir., No. 08-35619, Nov. 18, 2009, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit took a dramatic step towards preserving the rights of False Claims Act (FCA) defendants. The court's ruling permits FCA qui tam defendants to seek recovery against third parties vis-à-vis contractual indemnity and independent claims after settling an FCA action with the government and an employee whistleblower (known as a "relator").
 

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Stimulus projects are likely to come with a thick string of transparency and accountability requirements, along with potentially severe financial penalties and, in some cases, possible prison time. These conditions may be extended not only to U.S. government contractors, but to companies undertaking federally funded projects for state and local governments.

Companies that plan to accept money from the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) should consider acting now to prepare for an especially demanding environment. Investing time, effort, and resources today to establish and improve risk management and compliance processes and controls can help companies mitigate potentially catastrophic problems later.

Learn more by reading the complete paper authored by Deloitte Financial Advisory Services partner, Donna Epps, and Sheppard Mullin Government Contracts partner, John Chierichella, available through the following link.

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The civil False Claims Act (FCA) prohibits using false statements related to a false claim. (Other types of FCA liability include presenting a false claim, concealing an obligation to pay money to the government, and conspiring to violate the FCA.) In the recent FCA amendments, Congress explicitly added materiality as an element of FCA false statement liability.  Not surprisingly, it also adopted a weak, pro-plaintiff definition: materiality means “having a natural tendency to influence, or be capable of influencing, the payment or receipt of money or property.”
 

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Congress recently expanded contractors’ liability under the civil False Claims Act (FCA). The substantive changes include eliminating the presentment requirement, adding liability for claims seeking non-United States funds, expanding the scope of reverse false claims and conspiracy liability, and eliminating the intent requirement for conspiring to violate the FCA and for using false statements material to a false claim.
 

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I.  INTRODUCTION

Without a doubt, the False Claims Act ("FCA") has been dramatically changed in the last few months. As will be discussed in more detail herein, it certainly appears that the FCA has been retooled so that the playing field is now stacked in favor of the government and qui tam plaintiffs. There is also every indication that lenders who have federally insured mortgages, redevelopment funding, or other financial support from the government, are at risk of being sued for false claims unless they take certain precautions to educate and protect themselves.

In fact, it is a good idea for all companies who receive government funding (e.g., defense contractors, health care providers, academic institutions) to look closely at their internal compliance programs, and modify them to reflect the recent changes in the FCA. This article is intended to offer some specific suggestions, and also encourage companies to have their programs amended, and implemented by legal counsel who are receptive to flexible billing arrangements including flat fee schedules.
 

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On May 29, 2009, President Obama signed into law the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 ("FERA").[1] FERA implements a number of sweeping changes to the False Claims Act ("FCA"), including a provision that expands significantly the circumstances under which a contractor may be held liable under the so called "reverse false claims" theory.
 

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On March 31, 2009, the FAR Councils issued several new interim rules (effective March 31, 2009) implementing the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5) (also known as ARRA, The Recovery Act, or the Stimulus Act). See Federal Acquisition Circular (FAC) 2005-32, published at 74 Federal Register 14621-14652. The FAC issued new interim rules on a number of areas required under the Stimulus Act, including:

• Reporting Requirements for Recipients of Recovery Funds (see 74 Federal Register 14639) 
   
• Publicizing Contract Actions (see 74 Federal Register 14636) 
   
• GAO and IG Access to Company Employees (see 74 Federal Register 14646) 
   
• Whistleblower Protections (see 74 Federal Register 14633) 
   
• Buy American Requirements for Construction Materials (see 74 Federal Register 14623)
   

This blog focuses on the final three sets of rules – those relating to Auditor access; Whistleblower protections; and Buy American requirements. The first set of rules is discussed separately here.
 

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On February 17, 2009, President Obama signed into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009 ("the Act" or "the Stimulus Bill") (P.L. 111-5) (H.R. 1). As widely reported in the media, the Stimulus Bill includes approximately $787 Billion in government spending and tax cuts. With regard to the government spending provisions (Division A of the Act, which appropriates approximately $520 Billion), the U.S. Government (as well as the State and local governments receiving this money) will disburse the funds through a number of different vehicles – namely government contracts, grants, cooperative agreements, and other transactions. The legislation is intended to deal with, on an expedited basis, economic conditions that many Americans have not experienced in their lifetimes and for which they want an accelerated cure. Those familiar with the federal acquisition and grant processes, however, know that immediacy is not built into those processes. Moreover, to the extent that the “need for speed” overtakes process, recipients of the funds will almost assuredly find themselves downrange from one of the most rigorous oversight regimes ever enacted. Companies, and even States and localities – should familiarize themselves with the full terms of the Faustian bargain they will be striking.  

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As previously discussed in this blog, there is a pending FAR rule relating to "Contractor Compliance and Integrity Reporting" pursuant to which a contractor could be suspended or debarred for failure to disclose to the agency IG and contracting officer that it has reasonable grounds to believe that there has been a violation of federal criminal law, or that it has received a significant overpayment, in connection with a contract or subcontract valued at $5 million or more.  Finding this disclosure overly narrow, DOJ recommended broadening the proposed rule to include mandatory disclosure of FCA violations as well.

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